Mars in space

The planet Mars, like Earth, has clouds in its atmosphere and a deposit of ice at its north pole. But unlike Earth, Mars has no liquid water on its surface. The rustlike color of Mars comes from the large amount of iron in the planet's soil. Image credit: NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems

Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. The planet is one of Earth's "next-door neighbors" in space. Earth is the third planet from the sun, and Jupiter is the fifth. Like Earth, Jupiter, the sun, and the remainder of the solar system, Mars is about 4.6 billion years old.

Mars is named for the ancient Roman god of war. The Romans copied the Greeks in naming the planet for a war god; the Greeks called the planet Ares (AIR eez). The Romans and Greeks associated the planet with war because its color resembles the color of blood. Viewed from Earth, Mars is a bright reddish-orange. It owes its color to iron-rich minerals in its soil. This color is also similar to the color of rust, which is composed of iron and oxygen.

Scientists have observed Mars through telescopes based on Earth and in space. Space probes have carried telescopes and other instruments to Mars. Early probes were designed to observe the planet as they flew past it. Later, spacecraft orbited Mars and even landed there. But no human being has ever set foot on Mars.


Scientists have found strong evidence that water once flowed on the surface of Mars. The evidence includes channels, valleys, and gullies on the planet's surface. If this interpretation of the evidence is correct, water may still lie in cracks and pores in subsurface rock. A space probe has also discovered vast amounts of ice beneath the surface, most of it near the south pole.


In addition, a group of researchers has claimed to have found evidence that living things once dwelled on Mars. That evidence consists of certain materials in meteorites found on Earth. But the group's interpretation of the evidence has not convinced most scientists.


The Martian surface has many spectacular features, including a canyon system that is much deeper and much longer than the Grand Canyon in the United States. Mars also has mountains that are much higher than Mount Everest, Earth's highest peak.

Above the surface of Mars lies an atmosphere that is about 100 times less dense than the atmosphere of Earth. But the Martian atmosphere is dense enough to support a weather system that includes clouds and winds. Tremendous dust storms sometimes rage over the entire planet.

Mars is much colder than Earth. Temperatures at the Martian surface vary from as low as about -195 degrees F (-125 degrees C) near the poles during the winter to as much as 70 degrees F (20 degrees C) at midday near the equator. The average temperature on Mars is about -80 degrees F (-60 degrees C).


A sunset on Mars creates a glow due to the presence of tiny dust particles in the atmosphere. This photo is a combination of four images taken by Mars Pathfinder, which landed on Mars in 1997. Image credit: NASA/JPL

Mars is so different from Earth mostly because Mars is much farther from the sun and much smaller than Earth. The average distance from Mars to the sun is about 141,620,000 miles (227,920,000 kilometers). This distance is roughly 1 1/2 times the distance from Earth to the sun. The average radius (distance from its center to its surface) of Mars is 2,107 miles (3,390 kilometers), about half the radius of Earth.

Characteristics of Mars


Orbit and rotation

Like the other planets in the solar system, Mars travels around the sun in an elliptical (oval) orbit. But the orbit of Mars is slightly more "stretched out" than the orbits of Earth and most of the other planets. The distance from Mars to the sun can be as little as about 128,390,000 miles (206,620,000 kilometers) or as much as about 154,860,000 miles (249,230,000 kilometers). Mars travels around the sun once every 687 Earth days; this is the length of the Martian year.

The distance between Earth and Mars depends on the positions of the two planets in their orbits. It can be as small as about 33,900,000 miles (54,500,000 kilometers) or as large as about 249,000,000 miles (401,300,000 kilometers).

Like Earth, Mars rotates on its axis from west to east. The Martian solar day is 24 hours 39 minutes 35 seconds long. This is the length of time that Mars takes to turn around once with respect to the sun. The Earth day of 24 hours is also a solar day.

The axis of Mars is not perpendicular to the planet's orbital plane, an imaginary plane that includes all points in the orbit. Rather, the axis is tilted from the perpendicular position. The angle of the tilt, called the planet's obliquity, is 25.19¡ for Mars, compared with 23.45¡ for Earth. The obliquity of Mars, like that of Earth, causes the amount of sunlight falling on certain parts of the planet to vary widely during the year. As a result, Mars, like Earth, has seasons.

Mass and density

Mars has a mass (amount of matter) of 7.08 X 1020 tons (6.42 X 1020 metric tons). The latter number would be written out as 642 followed by 18 zeroes. Earth is about 10 times as massive as Mars. Mars's density (mass divided by volume) is about 3.933 grams per cubic centimeter. This is roughly 70 percent of the density of Earth.

Gravitational force

Because Mars is so much smaller and less dense than Earth, the force due to gravity at the Martian surface is only about 38 percent of that on Earth. Thus, a person standing on Mars would feel as if his or her weight had decreased by 62 percent. And if that person dropped a rock, the rock would fall to the surface more slowly than the same rock would fall to Earth.

Physical features of Mars

Scientists do not yet know much about the interior of Mars. A good method of study would be to place a network of motion sensors called seismometers on the surface. Those instruments would measure tiny movements of the surface, and scientists would use the measurements to learn what lies beneath. Researchers commonly use this technique to study Earth's interior.

Scientists have four main sources of information on the interior of Mars: (1) calculations involving the planet's mass, density, gravity, and rotational properties; (2) knowledge of other planets; (3) analysis of Martian meteorites that fall to Earth; and (4) data gathered by orbiting space probes. They think that Mars probably has three main layers, as Earth has: (1) a crust of rock, (2) a mantle of denser rock beneath the crust, and (3) a core made mostly of iron.

Crust

Scientists suspect that the average thickness of the Martian crust is about 30 miles (50 kilometers). Most of the northern hemisphere lies at a lower elevation than the southern hemisphere. Thus, the crust may be thinner in the north than in the south.



The surface of Mars was sampled for signs of life by the Viking 2 lander in 1976. A mechanical sampling arm dug the grooves near the round rock at the lower left. The cylinder at the right covered the sampling device and was ejected after landing. The cylinder is about 12 inches (30 centimeters) long. Image credit: NASA/National Space Science Data Center

Much of the crust is probably composed of a volcanic rock called basalt (buh SAWLT). Basalt is also common in the crusts of Earth and the moon. Some Martian crustal rocks, particularly in the northern hemisphere, may be a form of andesite. Andesite is also a volcanic rock found on Earth, but it contains more silica than basalt does. Silica is a compound of silicon and oxygen.

Mantle

The mantle of Mars is probably similar in composition to Earth's mantle. Most of Earth's mantle rock is peridotite (PEHR uh DOH tyt), which is made up chiefly of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium. The most abundant mineral in peridotite is olivine (OL uh veen).

The main source of heat inside Mars must be the same as that inside Earth: radioactive decay, the breakup of the nuclei of atoms of elements such as uranium, potassium, and thorium. Due to radioactive heating, the average temperature of the Martian mantle may be roughly 2700 degrees F (1500 degrees C).

Core

Mars probably has a core composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur. The density of Mars gives some indication of the size of the core. Mars is much less dense than Earth. Therefore, the radius of Mars's core relative to the overall radius of Mars must be smaller than the radius of Earth's core relative to the overall radius of Earth. The radius of the Martian core is probably between 900 and 1,200 miles (1,500 and 2,000 kilometers).

Unlike Earth's core, which is partially molten (melted), the core of Mars probably is solid. Scientists suspect that the core is solid because Mars does not have a significant magnetic field. A magnetic field is an influence that a magnetic object creates in the region around it. Motion within a planet's molten core makes the core a magnetic object. The motion occurs due to the rotation of the planet.

Data from Mars Global Surveyor show that some of the planet's oldest rocks formed in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Thus, in the distant past, Mars may have had a hotter interior and a molten core.

Surface features

Mars has many of the kinds of surface features that are common on Earth. These include plains, canyons, volcanoes, valleys, gullies, and polar ice. But craters occur throughout the surface of Mars, while they are rare on Earth. In addition, fine-grained reddish dust covers almost all the Martian surface.

Plains

Many regions of Mars consist of flat, low-lying plains. Most of these areas are in the northern hemisphere. The lowest of the northern regions are among the flattest, smoothest places in the solar system. They may be so smooth because they were built up from deposits of sediment (tiny particles that settle to the bottom of a liquid). There is ample evidence that water once flowed across the Martian surface. The water would have tended to collect in the lowest spots on the planet and thus would have deposited sediments there.


Canyons


The Valles Marineris system of valleys is about 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long -- roughly one-fifth the distance around the planet Mars. Parts of the system are 6 miles (10 kilometers) deep. Image credit: NASA/National Space Science Data Center

Along the equator lies one of the most striking features on the planet, a system of canyons known as the Valles Marineris. The name is Latin for Valleys of Mariner; a space probe called Mariner 9 discovered the canyons in 1971. The canyons run roughly east-west for about 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers), which is close to the width of Australia or the distance from Philadelphia to San Diego. Scientists believe that the Valles Marineris formed mostly by rifting, a splitting of the crust due to being stretched.

Individual canyons of the Valles Marineris are as much as 60 miles (100 kilometers) wide. The canyons merge in the central part of the system, in a region that is as much as 370 miles (600 kilometers) wide. The depth of the canyons is enormous, reaching 5 to 6 miles (8 to 10 kilometers) in some places.

Large channels emerge from the eastern end of the canyons, and some parts of the canyons have layered sediments. The channels and sediments indicate that the canyons may once have been partly filled with water.

Volcanoes

Mars has the largest volcanoes in the solar system. The tallest one, Olympus Mons (Latin for Mount Olympus), rises 17 miles (27 kilometers) above the surrounding plains. It is about 370 miles (600 kilometers) in diameter. Three other large volcanoes, called Arsia Mons, Ascraeus Mons, and Pavonis Mons, sit atop a broad uplifted region called Tharsis.

All these volcanoes have slopes that rise gradually, much like the slopes of Hawaiian volcanoes. Both the Martian and Hawaiian volcanoes are shield volcanoes. They formed from eruptions of lavas that can flow for long distances before solidifying.

Mars also has many other types of volcanic landforms. These range from small, steep-sided cones to enormous plains covered in solidified lava. Scientists do not know how recently the last volcano erupted on Mars -- some minor eruptions may still occur.

Craters and impact basins

Many meteoroids have struck Mars over its history, producing impact craters. Impact craters are rare on Earth for two reasons: (1) Those that formed early in the planet's history have eroded away, and (2) Earth developed a dense atmosphere, preventing meteorites that could have formed craters from reaching the planet's surface.

Martian craters are similar to craters on Earth's moon, the planet Mercury, and other objects in the solar systems. The craters have deep, bowl-shaped floors and raised rims. Large craters can also have central peaks that form when the crater floor rebounds upward after an impact.

On Mars, the number of craters varies dramatically from place to place. Much of the surface of the southern hemisphere is extremely old, and so has many craters. Other parts of the surface, especially in the northern hemisphere, are younger and thus have fewer craters.

Some volcanoes have few craters, indicating that they erupted recently. The lava from the volcanoes would have covered any craters that existed at the time of the eruptions. And not enough time has passed since the eruptions for many new craters to form.

Some of the impact craters have unusual-looking deposits of ejecta, material thrown out of the craters at impact. These deposits resemble mudflows that have solidified. This appearance suggests that the impacting bodies may have encountered water or ice beneath the ground.

Mars has a few large impact craters. The largest is Hellas Planitia in the southern hemisphere. Planitia is a Latin word that can mean low plain or basin; Hellas Planitia is also known as the Hellas impact basin. The crater has a diameter of about 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers). The crater floor is about 5.5 miles (9 kilometers) lower than the surrounding plain.



Channels in a Martian crater, in an image taken in 2000 by the Mars Global Surveyor, suggest to scientists that liquid water may have flowed across the surface of Mars in recent times. Image credit: NASA

Channels, valleys, and gullies occur in many regions of Mars, apparently as a result of water erosion. The most striking of these features are known as outflow channels. These channels can be as wide as 60 miles (100 kilometers) and as long as 1,200 miles (2,000 kilometers). They appear to have been carved by enormous floods that rushed across the surface. In many cases, the water seems to have escaped suddenly from underground.

Many of the channels do not look like river systems on Earth, with the main river formed from smaller rivers and streams. Rather, those Martian channels arise fully formed from low-lying areas.

Other regions of Mars have much smaller features called valley networks. These networks look more like river systems on Earth. Martian valley networks are up to a few miles or kilometers wide and up to a few hundred miles or kilometers long. The networks are mostly ancient features. They suggest that the Martian climate may once have been warm enough to enable water to exist as a liquid.


The gullies are smaller still. Most of them lie at high latitudes. They may be a result of a leakage of a small amount of ground water to the surface within the past few million years.

Polar deposits

The most interesting features in the polar regions of Mars are thick stacks of finely layered deposits of material. Scientists believe that the layers consist of mixtures of water ice and dust. The deposits extend from the poles to latitudes of about 80 degrees in both hemispheres.

The atmosphere probably deposited the layers over long periods. The layers may provide evidence of seasonal weather activity and long-term changes in the Martian climate. One possible cause of climate changes is variation in the planet's obliquity. This variation alters the amount of sunlight falling on different parts of Mars. The variation in sunlight, in turn, may change the climate. Past climate changes could have affected the rate at which the atmosphere deposited dust and ice into layers.

Lying atop much of the layered deposits in both hemispheres are caps of water ice that remain frozen all year. The layers and overlying caps are several miles or kilometers thick.

In the wintertime, additional seasonal caps form from layers of frost. The seasonal caps are clearly visible through Earth-based telescopes. The frost consists of solid carbon dioxide (CO2) -- also known as "dry ice" -- that has condensed from CO2 gas in the atmosphere. In the deepest part of the winter, the frost extends from the poles to latitudes as low as 45 degrees -- halfway to the equator.

Atmosphere

The atmosphere of Mars contains much less oxygen (O2) than that of Earth. The O2 content of the Martian atmosphere is only 0.13 percent, compared with 21 percent in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide makes up 95.3 percent of the gas in the atmosphere of Mars. Other gases include nitrogen (N2), 2.7 percent; argon (Ar), 1.6 percent; carbon monoxide (CO), 0.07 percent; and water vapor (H2O), 0.03 percent.

Pressure

At the surface of Mars, the atmospheric pressure is typically only about 0.10 pound per square inch (0.7 kilopascal). This is roughly 0.7 percent of the atmospheric pressure at Earth's surface. When the seasons change on Mars, the atmospheric pressure at the surface there varies by 20 to 30 percent.

Each winter, the condensation of CO2 at the poles removes much gas from the atmosphere. When this happens, the atmospheric pressure due to CO2 gas decreases sharply. The opposite process occurs each summer. In addition, the atmospheric pressure varies as the weather changes during the day, much as on Earth.

Temperature

The atmosphere of Mars is coldest at high altitudes, from about 40 to 78 miles (65 to 125 kilometers) above the surface. At those altitudes, typical temperatures are below -200 degrees F (-130 degrees C). The temperature increases toward the surface, where daytime temperatures of -20 to -40 degrees F (-30 to -40 degrees C) are typical. In the lowest few miles or kilometers of the atmosphere, the temperature varies widely during the day. It can reach -150 degrees F (-100 degrees C) late at night, even near the equator.

Atmospheric temperatures can be warmer than normal when the atmosphere contains much dust. The dust absorbs sunlight and then transfers much of the resulting heat to the atmospheric gases.

Clouds

In the Martian atmosphere, thin clouds made up of particles of frozen CO2 can form at high altitudes. In addition, clouds, haze, and fog composed of particles of water ice are common. Haze and fog are especially frequent in the early morning. At that time, temperatures are the lowest, and water vapor is therefore most likely to condense.

Wind

The Martian atmosphere, like that of Earth, has a general circulation, a wind pattern that occurs over the entire planet. Scientists have studied the global wind patterns of Mars by observing the motions of clouds and changes in the appearance of wind-blown dust and sand on the surface.

Global-scale winds occur on Mars as a result of the same process that produces such winds on Earth. The sun heats the atmosphere more at low latitudes than at high latitudes. At low latitudes, the warm air rises, and cooler air flows in along the surface to take its place. The warm air then travels toward the cooler regions at higher latitudes. At the higher latitudes, the cooler air sinks, then travels toward the equator.

On Mars, the condensation and evaporation of CO2 at the poles influence the general circulation. When winter begins, atmospheric CO2 condenses at the poles, and more CO2 flows toward the poles to take its place. When spring arrives, CO2 frost evaporates, and the resulting gas flows away from the poles.

Surface winds on Mars are mostly gentle, with typical speeds of about 6 miles (10 kilometers) per hour. Scientists have observed wind gusts as high as 55 miles (90 kilometers) per hour. However, the gusts exert much less force than do equally fast winds on Earth. The winds of Mars have less force because of the lower density of the Martian atmosphere.

Dust storms

Some of the most spectacular weather occurs on Mars when dust blows in the wind. Small, swirling winds can lift dust off the surface for brief intervals. These winds create dust devils, tiny storms that look like tornadoes.

Large dust storms begin when wind lifts dust into the atmosphere. The dust then absorbs sunlight, warming the air around it. As the warmed air rises, more winds occur, lifting still more dust. As a result, the storm becomes stronger.

At larger scales, dust storms can blanket areas from more than 200 miles (320 kilometers) to a few thousand miles or kilometers across. The largest storms can cover the entire surface of Mars. Storms of that size are unusual, but they can last for months. The strongest storms can block almost the entire surface from view. Such storms occurred in 1971 and 2001.

Dust storms are most common when Mars is closest to the Sun. More storms occur then because that is when the sun heats the atmosphere the most.

Satellites

Mars has two tiny moons, Phobos and Deimos. The American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered them in 1877 and named them for the sons of Ares. Both satellites are irregularly shaped. The largest diameter of Phobos is about 17 miles (27 kilometers); that of Deimos, about 9 miles (15 kilometers).

The two satellites have many craters that formed when meteoroids struck them. The surface of Phobos also has a complicated pattern of grooves. These may be cracks that developed when an impact created the satellite's largest crater.

Scientists do not know where Phobos and Deimos formed. They may have come into existence in orbit around Mars at the same time the planet formed. Another possibility is that the satellites formed as asteroids near Mars. The gravitational force of Mars then pulled them into orbit around the planet. The color of both satellites is a dark gray that is similar to the color of some kinds of asteroids.

Evolution of Mars

Scientists know generally how Mars evolved after it formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Their knowledge comes from studies of craters and other surface features. Features that formed at various stages of the planet's evolution still exist on different parts of the surface. Researchers have developed an evolutionary scenario that accounts for the sizes, shapes, and locations of those features.

Researchers have ranked the relative ages of surface regions according to the number of impact craters observed. The greater the number of craters in a region, the older the surface there.

However, scientists have not yet determined exactly when the various evolutionary stages occurred. To do that, they would need to know the ages of rocks of surface features representing those stages. They could determine how old such rocks are if they could analyze samples of them in a laboratory. But no space probe has ever brought Martian rocks to Earth.

Scientists have divided the "lifetime" of Mars into three periods. From the earliest to the most recent, the periods are: (1) The Noachian (noh AY kee uhn), (2) the Hesperian, and (3) the Amazonian. Each period is named for a surface region that was created during that period.

The Noachian Period is named for Noachis Terra, a vast highland in the southern hemisphere. During the Noachian Period, a tremendous number of rocky objects of all sizes, ranging from small meteoroids to large asteroids, struck Mars. The impact of those objects created craters of all sizes. The Noachian was also a time of great volcanic activity.

In addition, water erosion probably carved the many small valley networks that mark Mars's surface during the Noachian Period. The presence of those valleys suggests that the climate may have been warmer during the Noachian Period than it is today.

The Hesperian Period

The intense meteoroid and asteroid bombardment of the Noachian Period gradually tapered off, marking the beginning of the Hesperian Period. This period is named for Hesperia Planum, a high plain in the lower latitudes of the southern hemisphere.

During the Hesperian Period, volcanic activity continued. Volcanic eruptions covered over Noachian craters in many parts of Mars. Most of the largest outflow channels on the planet are of Hesperian age.

The Amazonian Period, which is characterized by a low rate of cratering, continues to this day. The period is named for Amazonis Planitia, a low plain that is in the lower latitudes of the northern hemisphere.

Volcanic activity has occurred throughout the Amazonian Period, and some of the largest volcanoes on Mars are of Amazonian age. The youngest geologic materials on Mars, including the ice deposits at the poles, are also Amazonian.

Possibility of life

Mars might once have harbored life, and living things might exist there even today. Mars almost certainly has three ingredients that scientists believe are necessary for life: (1) chemical elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that form the building blocks of living things, (2) a source of energy that living organisms can use, and (3) liquid water.

The essential chemical elements likely were present throughout the planet's history. Sunlight could be the energy source, but a second source of energy could be the heat inside Mars. On Earth, internal heat supports life in the deep ocean and in cracks in the crust.

Liquid water apparently carved Mars's large channels, its smaller valleys, and its young gullies. In addition, there are vast quantities of ice within about 3 feet (1 meter) of the surface near the south pole and perhaps near the north pole. Thus, water apparently has existed near the surface over much of the planet's history. And water is probably present beneath the surface today, kept liquid by Mars's internal heat.



A curved, rodlike structure shown in the center of this photo has been referred to as a fossilized Martian creature by some scientists. The structure is about 200 billionths of a meter long and is part of a Martian rock that was found on Earth. Image credit: NASA/Johnson Space Center

In 1996, scientists led by David S. McKay, a geologist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Johnson Space Center in Houston, reported that scientists there had found evidence of microscopic Martian life. They discovered this evidence inside a meteorite that had made its way to Earth. The meteorite had been blasted from the surface of Mars, almost certainly by the impact of a much larger meteorite. The small meteorite had then journeyed to Earth, attracted by Earth's gravity. The trip may have taken millions of years.

The evidence included complex organic molecules, grains of a mineral called magnetite that can form within some kinds of bacteria, and tiny structures that resemble fossilized microbes. The scientists' conclusions are controversial, however. There is no general scientific agreement that Mars has ever harbored life.

History of Mars study

Observation from Earth

Observing Mars through Earth-based telescopes, early astronomers discovered polar caps that grow and shrink with the seasons. They also found light and dark markings that change their shape and location.

In the late 1800's, the Italian astronomer Giovanni V. Schiaparelli reported that he saw a network of fine dark lines. He called these lines canali, which is Italian for channels. But canali was generally mistranslated as canals. Many other astronomers also reported seeing such features. Among those observers was the American astronomer Percival Lowell, who referred to the features as canals. Lowell speculated that the canals had been built by a Martian civilization.

The canals turned out not to exist. In some cases, the observers had misinterpreted dark, blurry regions that they had actually seen. In other cases, there was no relationship between "canals" and real features.

However, the changing dark and light markings were real. Some scientists thought that the changing patterns might result from the growth and death of vegetation. Much later, other scientists suspected correctly that the cause was the Martian winds. Light and dark materials blow to and fro across the surface.

Observation by spacecraft

Robotic spacecraft began detailed observation of Mars in the 1960's. The United States launched Mariner 4 to Mars in 1964 and Mariners 6 and 7 in 1969. Each flew by Mars about half a year after its launch. The craft took pictures showing that Mars is a barren world, with craters like those on the moon. There was no sign of liquid water or life. The spacecraft observed few of the planet's most interesting features because they happened to fly by only heavily cratered regions.

In 1971, Mariner 9 went into orbit around Mars. This craft mapped about 80 percent of Mars. It made the first discoveries of the planet's canyons and volcanoes. It also found what appear to be dry riverbeds.


The Sojourner Rover examines a rock on Mars. The rover traveled from Earth aboard the Mars Pathfinder space probe, then rolled down a ramp to the surface. Sojourner is only 24 3/4 inches (63 centimeters) long. Image credit: NASA

The next major mission to Mars was Viking, launched by the United States in 1975. Viking consisted of two orbiters and two landers. Its main goal was to search for life. The orbiters scouted out landing sites for the landers, which touched down in July and September 1976. The landers took the first close-up pictures of the Martian surface, and they sampled the soil. They found no strong evidence for life.


The next two successful probes were Mars Pathfinder, which was a lander, and Mars Global Surveyor, an orbiter. The United States launched both craft in 1996. The main objective of Pathfinder was to demonstrate a new landing system. Inflated air bags cushioned the probe's landing in July 1997. Pathfinder also carried a small roving vehicle called Sojourner. The rover rolled down a ramp to the surface, and then moved from rock to rock. Pathfinder sent spectacular photos back to Earth, and Sojourner analyzed rocks and soil. People throughout the world watched television pictures of Sojourner doing its work.



Mars Global Surveyor studied the composition of the Martian surface, photographed the surface in detail, and measured its elevation. The space probe went into orbit around Mars in 1997. Image credit: NASA/JPL

Mars Global Surveyor carried a group of sophisticated scientific instruments. A laser altimeter used laser beams to determine the elevation of the Martian surface. This instrument produced maps of the entire surface that are accurate to within 1 yard or meter of elevation. An infrared spectrometer determined the composition of some of the minerals on the surface. A high-resolution camera revealed a host of new geologic features. These include layered sediments that may have been deposited in liquid water, and small gullies that appear to have been carved by water.


In April 2001, the United States launched the Mars Odyssey probe. The probe carried instruments to analyze the chemical composition of the Martian surface and the rocks just below the surface, to determine whether there is water ice on or beneath the surface, and to study the radiation near Mars. Mars Odyssey went into orbit around the planet in October 2001. In 2002, the probe discovered vast amounts of water ice beneath the surface. Most of the ice found is in the far southern part of the planet, south of 60 degrees south latitude. Scientists also suspect that there are large amounts of water ice north of 60 degrees north latitude. However, when the discovery was made, CO2 frost covered most of that area, preventing the probe from detecting underlying ice.

The water ice found in the south is in the upper 3 feet (1 meter) of soil. That soil is more than 50 percent water ice by volume. The total volume of the water ice discovered is roughly 2,500 cubic miles (10,400 cubic kilometers), more than enough to fill Lake Michigan twice.

The probe cannot detect evidence of water at depths greater than 3 feet. Thus, scientists cannot yet determine the total depth or the total volume of all the water ice on Mars.



Mars was photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope in August 2003 as the planet passed closer to Earth than it had in nearly 60,000 years. The photographs captured many features of the Martian surface, including dark, circular impact craters and the bright ice of the southern polar cap. Image credit: NASA, J. Bell (Cornell U.) and M. Wolff (SSI)

Mars passed closer to Earth in August 2003 than it had in nearly 60,000 years. In that year, scientists launched three new probes. The European Space Agency's Mars Express mission included an orbiter that carried scientific instruments and a lander designed to analyze the planet's soil for evidence of life. The United States launched two rovers, nicknamed Spirit and Opportunity, to explore different regions of the planet's surface.

In December 2003, Mars Express went into orbit around the planet and released its lander, Beagle 2. Mars Express immediately began transmitting pictures and other information about the planet, but mission managers could not contact Beagle 2 and feared it was lost. In early January 2004, the U.S. rover Spirit landed safely in an area called Gusev Crater. The rover Opportunity landed later that month in an area called Meridiani Planum. The rovers transmitted detailed photographs of Martian ground features and began analyzing rocks and soil for evidence that large amounts of liquid water once existed on the planet's surface.

In March 2004, U.S. scientists announced that they had concluded that Meridiani Planum once held large amounts of liquid water. Their evidence came from an outcropping of Martian bedrock found in the small crater in which Opportunity landed. The rover's analysis showed that the rock contained large amounts of sulfate salts, which contain sulfur and oxygen. On Earth, such high concentrations of sulfate salts occur only in rocks that formed in water or were exposed to water for long periods. The outcropping's surface also bore tiny pits similar to those found on Earth where salt crystals formed in wet rock and later dissolved or eroded away.



The rover Spirit rests on Mars in a composite image made up of photographs taken by a camera mounted above the rover's body. Spirit landed on Mars in early January 2004. The pole at the lower left is one of the antennas Spirit uses to communicate with NASA controllers. Image credit: NASA

The rover mission was scheduled to last only 90 days, but it was extended because Spirit and Opportunity continued to function well. In June 2004, Opportunity descended into a large crater that mission managers called Endurance and analyzed the layers of bedrock there. Also in June, Spirit arrived at a group of hills, called Columbia Hills, after a drive of over 2 miles (3 kilometers). The rovers continued to explore these sites for several months.

Contributor: Steven W. Squyres, Ph.D., Professor of Astronomy, Cornell University.

How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: Squyres, Steven W. "Mars." World Book Online Reference Center. 2004. World Book, Inc. (http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar346000.)

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Nov 17 09:09 115 Thyra 3.3 TYC 0258-00476-1 11.3 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 17 15:04 2 Pallas 45.9 TYC 6487-00613-1 12.7 0.02 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 17 19:52 674 Rachele 10.5 UCAC2 31970614 11.9 0.53 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 17 23:08 1259 Ogyalla 5.2 TYC 1893-00074-1 10.1 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 17 23:38 3346 Gerla 3.1 TYC 1754-01661-1 11.4 4.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 18 00:39 556 Phyllis 5.3 TYC 1197-01470-1 10.1 2.88 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 18 04:54 1364 Safara 2.0 TYC 1234-00018-1 9.3 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 18 08:56 3629 Lebedinskij 1.0 HIP 17920 8.6 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 18 09:53 65 Cybele 6.1 2UCAC 23481676 13.1 0.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 18 12:03 1327 Namaqua 0.8 TYC 6921-01308-1 8.9 8.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 18 21:21 3978 Klepesta 4.3 TYC 0772-00198-1 10.1 6.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 18 23:38 52 Europa 88.7 TYC 5832-00466-1 11.0 1.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 00:58 654 Zelinda 11.5 UCAC2 39311993 11.8 0.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 00:59 1436 Salonta 4.2 UCAC2 41317865 11.8 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 03:13 56 Melete 20.1 2UCAC 33162254 13.3 0.34 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 07:38 868 Lova 5.6 UCAC2 35513446 11.1 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 09:18 218 Bianca 5.2 TYC 0226-00597-1 12.3 1.59 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 17:00 3207 Spinrad 2.0 TYC 0623-01166-1 10.3 6.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 17:35 65 Cybele 6.0 2UCAC 23730095 12.9 0.75 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 18:48 1946 Walraven 1.8 TYC 2417-00169-1 10.3 4.32 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 19:45 321 Florentina 1.7 TYC 5808-01123-1 9.9 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 21:41 1542 Schalen 3.3 TYC 0831-00944-1 11.1 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 19 22:23 29936 1999 JD49 0.9 HIP 38870 6.4 11.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 07:27 129 Antigone 18.1 TYC 0814-00939-1 11.0 1.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 08:49 106 Dione 3.9 TYC 6864-01014-1 11.4 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 08:54 906 Repsolda 3.6 HIP 52747 9.1 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 08:58 21 Lutetia 8.9 HIP 21639 9.9 1.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 10:28 20 Massalia 3.7 2UCAC 22777463 12.6 0.49 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 10:58 4440 Tchantches 1.3 TYC 1941-01088-1 9.2 6.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 17:35 3935 Toatenmongakkai 3.5 TYC 1935-00623-1 10.3 5.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 19:17 4958 Wellnitz 2.2 TYC 1815-00376-1 11.3 4.12 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 21:04 105 Artemis 11.8 2UCAC 29427760 12.8 1.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 22:07 1977 Shura 7.3 TYC 2426-01354-1 11.2 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 22:23 385 Ilmatar 8.9 TYC 1958-00953-1 10.3 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 20 23:08 779 Nina 6.3 UCAC2 44446560 11.7 0.86 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 06:53 1166 Sakuntala 2.1 TYC 0112-01812-1 11.7 1.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 08:20 185 Eunike 24.7 TYC 4863-01304-1 12.0 1.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 09:52 1021 Flammario 10.3 HIP 1513 10.5 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 16:26 1294 Antwerpia 4.1 2UCAC 37659410 12.9 0.57 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 18:19 155 Scylla 4.9 TYC 2373-01072-1 9.5 4.12 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 19:44 654 Zelinda 12.1 2UCAC 39141679 12.6 0.34 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 20:42 771 Libera 3.1 HIP 20281 6.5 6.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 21 22:05 402 Chloe 12.0 2UCAC 35360845 12.6 0.86 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 01:37 147 Protogeneia 3.6 2UCAC 23497056 12.7 1.82 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 05:52 1035 Amata 3.7 TYC 2856-00980-1 11.5 3.45 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 05:51 145 Adeona 14.8 TYC 1289-01027-1 10.3 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 07:44 115 Thyra 3.5 2UCAC 32871707 13.3 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 08:14 26382 1999 LT32 1.2 TYC 1291-01193-1 10.3 5.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 08:18 497 Iva 5.3 2UCAC 41665061 12.5 0.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 10:24 130 Elektra 13.3 2UCAC 22366564 12.9 0.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 13:07 1081 Reseda 1.4 TYC 6353-00743-1 9.9 7.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 14:39 145 Adeona 14.7 2UCAC 38746004 11.9 0.49 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 14:58 644 Cosima 9.8 TYC 1359-02673-2 9.3 5.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 15:37 644 Cosima 9.8 HIP 36238 5.2 9.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 17:54 941 Murray 1.2 HIP 114182 7.7 8.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 21:42 431 Nephele 9.7 TYC 1340-00624-1 11.9 2.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 22 22:21 1302 Werra 1.3 TYC 0842-00980-1 9.4 6.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 00:43 374 Burgundia 1.2 TYC 5735-01679-1 11.3 2.97 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 03:01 216 Kleopatra 11.0 TYC 0577-00278-1 10.2 1.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 03:20 700 Auravictrix 2.1 TYC 1322-01030-1 9.7 4.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 05:44 236 Honoria 11.6 HIP 31671 11.2 1.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 06:53 98 Ianthe 3.6 HIP 56646 8.4 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 08:33 9 Metis 28.0 TYC 0635-00289-1 12.2 0.05 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 08:53 45 Eugenia 8.0 2UCAC 33225190 12.9 0.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 09:40 114 Kassandra 8.7 2UCAC 36765084 12.5 0.46 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 10:02 218 Bianca 6.1 TYC 0226-01606-1 11.7 1.99 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 10:30 579 Sidonia 2.2 TYC 6882-01394-1 11.5 2.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 12:40 6019 1991 RO6 1.9 TYC 1875-00615-1 10.1 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 23 22:15 401 Ottilia 7.3 HIP 15651 9.2 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 02:31 134 Sophrosyne 4.6 UCAC2 24491840 11.3 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 03:13 59 Elpis 16.3 TYC 0685-00902-1 12.3 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 04:19 4628 Laplace 1.9 TYC 2389-00592-1 10.2 4.52 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 08:04 1581 Abanderada 5.7 TYC 0022-01144-1 10.0 6.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 09:57 35 Leukothea 7.1 UCAC2 39961923 11.9 2.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 10:45 41 Daphne 4.4 TYC 5684-00436-1 11.7 0.97 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 11:06 52 Europa 55.5 TYC 5833-00791-1 11.2 1.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 15:26 94 Aurora 18.2 TYC 2358-01107-1 11.0 1.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 18:26 1833 Shmakova 1.5 HIP 11883 8.0 7.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 20:26 166 Rhodope 2.4 HIP 106371 8.8 5.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 20:30 84 Klio 3.9 HIP 54378 8.6 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 24 22:20 264 Libussa 4.6 TYC 1813-00198-1 10.0 1.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 25 00:02 114 Kassandra 8.6 TYC 0681-00731-1 11.8 0.75 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 25 15:10 86 Semele 14.0 2UCAC 39631999 12.9 0.49 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 25 18:53 753 Tiflis 0.6 TYC 0293-01116-1 10.4 4.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 25 19:04 1600 Vyssotsky 0.5 TYC 1985-01270-1 10.2 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 25 20:45 1249 Rutherfordia 4.6 TYC 0603-01018-1 10.3 4.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 25 23:41 324 Bamberga 5.3 TYC 6867-01458-1 11.0 1.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 01:45 5083 Irinara 1.6 TYC 2935-02099-1 10.1 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 02:23 923 Herluga 5.9 TYC 0047-00508-1 10.5 3.83 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 04:19 359 Georgia 3.8 TYC 2393-00260-1 10.7 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 04:56 94 Aurora 18.2 TYC 2357-00237-1 12.8 0.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 05:18 6379 Vrba 1.1 TYC 2401-00982-1 9.9 6.40 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 06:41 590 Tomyris 4.1 TYC 1312-02723-1 11.2 2.88 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 09:34 983 Gunila 4.7 UCAC2 39798137 11.4 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 10:17 70 Panopaea 3.1 2UCAC 30862980 12.6 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 10:20 236 Honoria 10.4 UCAC2 35901335 11.4 1.44 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 16:49 1098 Hakone 2.6 TYC 2906-00843-1 11.4 2.33 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 19:09 1144 Oda 5.0 TYC 0734-00586-1 11.4 4.12 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 19:21 535 Montague 5.1 TYC 5826-00594-1 12.4 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 21:14 8085 1989 CD8 1.6 TYC 1850-01449-1 9.5 5.71 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 26 21:51 195 Eurykleia 38.7 TYC 0604-00363-1 11.5 2.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 00:30 2416 Sharonov 0.8 HIP 62808 7.7 9.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 02:04 1235 Schorria 0.6 TYC 1987-00509-1 10.4 6.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 02:12 220 Stephania 3.7 TYC 1343-02794-1 11.2 3.54 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 02:52 1467 Mashona 8.1 TYC 3371-01610-1 11.0 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 03:59 304 Olga 15.2 UCAC2 26590394 12.0 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 12:17 3803 Tuchkova 2.7 TYC 1293-00965-1 9.7 6.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 12:28 11 Parthenope 6.0 TYC 6363-00420-1 11.0 0.86 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 12:51 4181 Kivi 1.2 TYC 4729-00243-1 10.1 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 14:25 142 Polana 3.6 TYC 5239-01053-1 10.7 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 17:10 5749 1991 FV 0.7 TYC 5749-00905-1 10.2 6.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 17:14 2204 Lyyli 1.2 TYC 6363-00105-1 10.2 7.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 17:56 172 Baucis 7.0 TYC 1414-00405-1 9.7 4.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 18:09 4423 Golden 1.7 TYC 0075-00126-1 9.7 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 18:54 497 Iva 5.3 TYC 1821-02023-1 11.6 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 20:43 2173 Maresjev 2.0 HIP 20439 9.5 6.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 22:35 596 Scheila 11.5 TYC 5267-00474-1 11.8 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 22:39 234 Barbara 1.0 TYC 6307-01875-1 10.9 2.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 22:45 552 Sigelinde 1.7 TYC 6263-03165-1 8.0 7.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 23:00 2239 Paracelsus 7.8 TYC 2492-00640-1 8.6 8.40 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 23:29 1112 Polonia 4.5 TYC 2435-00805-1 12.6 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 27 23:56 4186 Tamashima 2.2 TYC 5326-01888-1 10.2 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 28 00:27 185 Eunike 44.9 TYC 4867-01482-1 9.9 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 28 02:40 1135 Colchis 7.1 TYC 1907-00944-1 10.0 4.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 28 06:06 1672 Gezelle 5.2 TYC 0646-00012-1 10.4 3.93 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 28 17:07 3915 Fukushima 2.7 TYC 0149-03182-1 8.5 7.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 28 17:12 6359 Dubinin 0.9 TYC 6897-01201-1 10.4 7.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 28 17:51 4879 Zykina 1.3 TYC 1245-00103-1 9.1 6.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 28 22:11 3 Juno 7.1 2UCAC 26747001 12.1 0.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 06:10 27 Euterpe 12.8 UCAC2 37361753 11.7 0.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 08:55 13 Egeria 12.4 UCAC2 41886989 11.8 0.53 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 10:18 44295 1998 QU89 0.5 HIP 108102 5.7 12.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 14:59 587 Hypsipyle 1.1 HIP 7577 8.7 7.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 15:01 2000 Herschel 1.9 TYC 3253-00201-1 11.7 1.82 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 15:44 776 Berbericia 13.9 2UCAC 41349474 12.3 0.46 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 17:48 657 Gunlod 4.2 UCAC2 43078953 12.0 2.88 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 19:39 568 Cheruskia 5.6 TYC 1156-00136-1 12.2 1.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 19:57 463 Lola 2.1 TYC 2929-00797-1 11.4 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 21:22 1361 Leuschneria 1.2 TYC 4939-00020-1 9.4 7.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 21:32 1553 Bauersfelda 1.6 TYC 1325-00394-1 10.4 5.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 21:42 2127 Tanya 3.5 TYC 1332-00952-1 11.4 4.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 21:44 208 Lacrimosa 5.4 TYC 1403-00925-1 11.5 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 29 23:18 1567 Alikoski 6.9 2UCAC 45335175 12.4 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 00:39 1596 Itzigsohn 4.4 2UCAC 38929376 12.4 1.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 01:04 779 Nina 5.9 TYC 2380-01340-1 12.0 0.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 06:05 1909 Alekhin 0.7 TYC 0264-00685-1 9.1 7.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 06:21 1764 Cogshall 2.2 TYC 1323-01807-1 9.3 7.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 06:49 1240 Centenaria 5.1 TYC 2417-01052-1 10.5 3.45 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 09:03 1269 Rollandia 49.1 TYC 4663-01299-1 11.1 4.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 10:28 712 Boliviana 3.2 2UCAC 27374088 12.5 1.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 13:47 3260 Vizbor 2.1 TYC 1310-01147-1 9.8 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 14:35 1651 Behrens 2.2 TYC 0044-00393-1 10.2 5.21 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 16:21 560 Delila 8.3 TYC 4682-02189-1 12.0 2.97 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 17:29 377 Campania 10.4 TYC 0644-00403-1 11.5 1.29 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 18:14 940 Kordula 11.5 TYC 1915-00351-1 11.5 3.64 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Nov 30 20:21 922 Schlutia 1.4 TYC 0745-00463-1 9.2 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 04:53 941 Murray 1.0 HIP 114733 9.0 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 08:23 6249 Jennifer 0.8 TYC 5963-00761-1 10.4 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 13:16 3940 Larion 0.9 TYC 5931-00191-1 8.4 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 13:39 376 Geometria 3.0 TYC 1876-01125-1 10.4 3.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 15:25 2154 Underhill 2.1 HIP 48472 8.1 8.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 16:05 897 Lysistrata 1.7 TYC 1787-00384-1 10.0 4.32 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 18:26 79 Eurynome 3.3 2UCAC 29205097 12.9 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 21:17 776 Berbericia 13.3 2UCAC 41348987 13.0 0.24 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 23:06 270 Anahita 5.6 TYC 1878-00237-1 10.6 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 01 23:24 796 Sarita 3.6 TYC 0006-00493-1 12.1 0.75 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 02 00:25 1618 Dawn 1.7 TYC 1325-01182-1 10.4 5.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 02 01:22 1005 Arago 5.5 UCAC2 46896858 11.6 2.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 02 05:19 639 Latona 6.8 2UCAC 40669523 11.2 1.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 02 05:36 2929 Harris 3.3 TYC 0174-01078-1 10.3 6.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 02 08:33 294 Felicia 3.7 TYC 0694-01072-1 10.5 3.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 02 19:23 5931 Zhvanetskij 1.5 TYC 4752-01122-1 10.3 5.01 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 03:17 436 Patricia 7.9 TYC 2979-00801-1 10.7 4.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 03:54 1166 Sakuntala 1.9 TYC 0110-00239-1 11.5 1.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 05:00 4 Vesta 88.6 TYC 0040-00371-1 11.7 0.02 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 05:47 402 Chloe 6.9 2UCAC 35359346 13.4 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 06:10 925 Alphonsina 3.7 TYC 0250-00667-1 10.4 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 08:12 236 Honoria 8.6 2UCAC 35899788 13.4 0.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 08:44 4202 1985 CB2 1.2 TYC 5826-00998-1 10.3 6.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 12:22 894 Erda 2.5 TYC 0111-01900-1 11.0 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 16:50 312 Pierretta 3.4 2UCAC 44281136 11.6 2.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 16:54 699 Hela 1.1 TYC 0755-01660-1 9.6 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 16:57 537 Pauly 4.3 TYC 1366-00368-1 9.8 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 18:32 1596 Itzigsohn 4.2 TYC 1304-01285-1 11.2 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 19:08 844 Leontina 5.0 TYC 2416-00841-1 11.4 2.88 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 03 23:54 6000 United Nations 2.7 TYC 0623-00642-1 10.5 4.32 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 01:07 1165 Imprinetta 1.2 TYC 5743-01578-1 11.1 4.52 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 03:41 209 Dido 11.2 UCAC2 42362700 12.0 1.44 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 04:15 657 Gunlod 3.8 UCAC2 43078023 11.9 2.88 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 08:18 232 Russia 4.7 TYC 0729-00471-1 11.2 3.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 08:23 382 Dodona 3.8 TYC 2389-01059-1 10.1 3.83 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 10:07 6019 1991 RO6 1.5 HIP 27312 7.9 7.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 11:20 798 Ruth 3.7 TYC 0655-00930-1 11.6 2.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 18:05 2601 Bologna 1.7 TYC 1889-00340-1 8.9 6.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 18:25 86 Semele 11.8 2UCAC 39809777 12.1 0.75 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 19:44 184 Dejopeja 2.1 TYC 4955-01001-1 9.2 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 20:14 779 Nina 5.8 TYC 2380-01970-1 11.4 1.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 04 22:40 828 Lindemannia 3.9 HIP 19745 8.2 6.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 00:13 43 Ariadne 3.8 TYC 5242-00706-1 11.3 1.29 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 07:12 1191 Alfaterna 3.3 TYC 0116-00502-1 10.4 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 11:54 105 Artemis 10.8 2UCAC 28691370 13.3 0.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 12:47 2000 Herschel 1.7 TYC 3262-01434-1 11.1 2.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 13:00 866 Fatme 4.8 HIP 114252 10.8 4.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 14:27 4735 Gary 1.3 HIP 30958 9.0 6.40 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 16:14 845 Naema 3.4 TYC 1437-00066-1 10.1 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 18:11 211 Isolda 4.0 TYC 5552-00105-1 11.0 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 19:07 666 Desdemona 0.8 TYC 5764-01436-1 10.3 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 22:25 98 Ianthe 4.2 2UCAC 34656750 12.4 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 05 22:27 312 Pierretta 3.4 TYC 2415-01100-1 12.0 1.82 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 02:24 361 Bononia 14.6 TYC 1789-00112-1 10.4 2.79 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 04:22 390 Alma 1.0 TYC 5218-00839-1 9.7 6.40 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 07:56 2535 Hameenlinna 1.3 TYC 1316-01134-1 10.3 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 09:17 1332 Marconia 20.6 TYC 1400-00504-1 11.4 4.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 11:56 1132 Hollandia 1.0 TYC 6369-00070-1 11.1 4.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 12:02 546 Herodias 2.2 TYC 6940-00503-1 10.0 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 13:04 983 Gunila 4.7 UCAC2 39436325 11.7 2.88 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 19:55 226 Weringia 2.4 TYC 4726-00649-1 11.2 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 06 20:55 1112 Polonia 3.4 TYC 2435-00091-1 12.7 1.82 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 00:05 1605 Milankovitch 1.2 HIP 60081 8.0 7.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 00:21 925 Alphonsina 4.0 TYC 0251-00899-1 10.0 3.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 00:44 256 Walpurga 6.8 TYC 0048-00378-1 11.3 3.64 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 02:15 246 Asporina 2.5 TYC 4932-00241-1 10.1 3.93 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 02:27 129 Antigone 87.8 2UCAC 36115093 13.0 0.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 02:44 6371 Heinlein 0.6 HIP 106039 4.5 13.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 08:56 1606 Jekhovsky 2.0 TYC 0709-00538-1 9.0 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 11:24 1925 Franklin-Adams 1.4 TYC 1348-00091-1 10.5 5.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 12:46 431 Nephele 7.1 2UCAC 39639137 12.1 1.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 14:41 270 Anahita 5.0 TYC 1878-00073-1 11.7 0.75 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 14:46 402 Chloe 6.1 2UCAC 35357899 13.3 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 16:37 194 Prokne 15.2 TYC 4815-03239-1 11.6 1.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 18:02 712 Boliviana 3.1 TYC 5730-01392-1 8.7 5.21 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 19:23 2004 TE282 3.7 UCAC2 40299389 13.9 9.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 07 20:00 3940 Larion 1.0 TYC 5918-01911-1 9.7 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 08 05:52 2001 XQ254 5.8 UCAC2 39482580 11.6 11.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 08 06:34 402 Chloe 6.0 2UCAC 35357625 12.5 0.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 08 10:44 1188 Gothlandia 1.6 TYC 2373-02434-1 10.2 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 08 17:17 639 Latona 5.9 TYC 1884-01315-1 11.5 1.59 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 08 19:36 462 Eriphyla 4.6 TYC 1373-00570-1 10.6 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 08 19:59 15 Eunomia 8.8 2UCAC 26457080 12.5 0.26 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 08 22:02 333 Badenia 4.0 UCAC2 30782574 9.6 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 01:02 323 Brucia 1.0 TYC 7479-00664-1 11.6 2.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 01:37 856 Backlunda 1.7 TYC 6373-00456-1 11.3 4.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 03:40 94 Aurora 19.9 TYC 2356-01108-1 11.9 0.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 04:50 226 Weringia 2.4 TYC 4726-00225-1 9.3 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 09:38 657 Gunlod 3.5 TYC 2423-00187-1 11.6 3.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 13:00 137 Meliboea 15.4 2UCAC 34042895 12.1 1.29 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 13:36 1336 Zeelandia 1.8 HIP 52893 7.4 8.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 15:54 122 Gerda 2.3 TYC 5545-01385-1 10.4 3.64 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 16:25 130 Elektra 8.8 TYC 6402-00108-1 13.2 0.34 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 18:26 339 Dorothea 3.2 UCAC2 34994108 11.9 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 20:01 1661 Granule 1.4 TYC 1879-02136-1 8.7 7.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 20:58 1240 Centenaria 4.6 TYC 2416-00774-1 11.9 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 09 23:47 323 Brucia 0.9 TYC 7479-00550-1 10.0 4.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 00:47 776 Berbericia 11.8 2UCAC 41865369 12.9 0.24 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 03:38 1021 Flammario 6.3 TYC 5849-00120-1 11.4 1.59 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 03:40 4140 Branham 2.7 TYC 1299-01635-1 11.3 3.93 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 07:34 402 Chloe 5.7 2UCAC 35356897 13.2 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 09:04 657 Gunlod 3.4 TYC 2410-01522-1 11.5 3.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 12:05 194 Prokne 14.3 2UCAC 31476461 12.9 0.53 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 13:05 1452 Hunnia 2.2 2UCAC 46935873 9.9 5.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 17:06 1110 Jaroslawa 1.3 TYC 1350-00561-1 10.3 5.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 21:11 135 Hertha 14.9 TYC 1226-01540-1 8.7 3.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 10 22:54 2132 Zhukov 2.7 TYC 1864-00685-1 10.4 4.52 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 02:30 71 Niobe 9.0 2UCAC 42693609 13.2 0.49 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 08:00 135 Hertha 15.2 HIP 13021 9.2 2.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 11:16 431 Nephele 6.8 TYC 1326-01033-1 10.4 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 14:55 3598 Saucier 1.8 TYC 1310-02366-1 9.5 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 16:36 487 Venetia 7.1 2UCAC 37880330 12.8 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 18:18 1048 Feodosia 1.4 TYC 7446-00428-1 10.5 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 21:39 844 Leontina 4.8 TYC 2415-00080-1 10.8 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 11 23:22 1989 Tatry 1.0 TYC 1429-00107-1 10.3 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 02:35 487 Venetia 7.0 2UCAC 37880265 13.1 0.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 02:36 402 Chloe 5.6 2UCAC 35356347 12.7 0.57 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 05:18 3357 Tolstikov 1.2 TYC 0699-00991-1 10.2 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 06:48 110 Lydia 7.0 2UCAC 41687291 13.2 0.24 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 07:33 236 Honoria 7.5 UCAC2 35718854 11.9 0.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 09:20 495 Eulalia 6.4 UCAC2 37304017 11.4 2.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 11:56 105 Artemis 10.0 2UCAC 28509192 13.3 0.57 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 14:19 528 Rezia 5.8 TYC 2427-00764-1 10.4 3.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 14:42 487 Venetia 6.9 TYC 1350-00253-1 10.9 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 14:46 1669 Dagmar 4.5 TYC 1375-00556-1 11.1 4.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 15:24 281 Lucretia 1.6 TYC 2440-00406-1 9.7 4.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 17:01 4569 Baerbel 1.1 HIP 28087 9.0 6.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 12 18:10 2522 Triglav 1.8 TYC 1893-00695-1 7.8 8.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 00:12 111 Ate 5.4 2UCAC 29569045 12.4 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 00:49 1437 Diomedes 19.3 2UCAC 42348545 13.2 2.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 01:02 979 Ilsewa 3.6 TYC 0783-00853-1 10.8 4.32 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 08:44 2094 Magnitka 1.4 TYC 1883-01821-1 8.9 5.71 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 11:05 8 Flora 6.1 TYC 4962-00693-1 10.4 1.44 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 11:08 145 Adeona 13.6 TYC 1278-01217-1 12.3 0.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 13:55 995 Sternberga 1.2 TYC 0568-02127-1 11.0 3.93 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 16:30 900 Rosalinde 4.2 TYC 0047-00181-1 10.2 5.71 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 20:33 357 Ninina 15.7 TYC 4704-00673-1 11.6 2.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 20:59 852 Wladilena 2.1 TYC 3748-01763-1 11.6 2.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 13 23:53 1251 Hedera 2.3 TYC 1328-01278-1 11.3 3.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 01:56 2320 Blarney 3.4 HIP 34763 6.5 8.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 05:51 1005 Arago 6.9 2UCAC 46642409 12.5 1.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 05:57 359 Georgia 3.7 UCAC2 43232113 11.1 1.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 07:06 1123 Shapleya 1.9 TYC 1898-01147-1 9.7 4.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 07:06 266 Aline 3.3 TYC 6162-00108-1 9.1 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 07:37 402 Chloe 5.4 TYC 0735-01972-1 11.2 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 13:19 980 Anacostia 6.6 TYC 1892-01138-1 11.5 0.86 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 13:42 1127 Mimi 2.0 TYC 0293-00628-1 10.5 6.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 13:46 626 Notburga 2.8 TYC 6360-00499-1 10.4 3.26 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 13:52 182 Elsa 8.3 TYC 1253-00418-1 11.9 0.53 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 16:23 458 Hercynia 1.0 HIP 101004 9.2 6.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 18:04 3935 Toatenmongakkai 1.9 HIP 39191 5.9 9.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 19:03 628 Christine 1.5 TYC 6382-01328-2 10.2 4.32 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 14 23:34 3687 Dzus 2.4 TYC 0178-00184-1 10.3 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 00:15 3118 Claytonsmith 2.6 TYC 2441-01496-1 10.4 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 01:46 2531 Cambridge 1.5 TYC 1322-01460-1 9.5 5.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 03:36 359 Georgia 3.8 UCAC2 43061286 11.6 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 04:42 376 Geometria 2.6 TYC 1875-02586-1 8.8 4.32 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 04:58 614 Pia 2.9 TYC 0680-00634-1 11.1 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 05:19 16560 1991 VZ5 1.3 HIP 76603 6.5 12.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 05:35 5959 Shaklan 1.3 HIP 29837 8.4 7.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 13:25 152 Atala 7.1 TYC 5830-00334-1 10.3 3.83 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 15:11 43 Ariadne 3.1 TYC 5244-00676-1 10.3 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 16:49 5900 Jensen 1.3 TYC 0572-00382-1 10.4 6.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 18:15 486 Cremona 2.1 TYC 0649-00285-1 9.8 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 20:00 176 Iduna 9.7 TYC 4780-00242-1 11.1 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 20:12 943 Begonia 4.8 TYC 5266-00737-1 11.9 3.64 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 20:48 359 Georgia 3.8 HIP 22133 9.0 3.64 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 21:03 1135 Colchis 4.4 TYC 1905-00121-1 10.4 3.64 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 15 22:44 1144 Oda 4.0 TYC 0720-00214-1 10.3 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 16 01:13 194 Prokne 12.9 2UCAC 31474614 12.8 0.53 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 16 06:25 30 Urania 13.7 TYC 0839-00739-1 10.1 1.99 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 16 09:10 1175 Margo 0.8 TYC 6165-01205-1 10.5 6.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 16 13:16 958 Asplinda 4.6 TYC 1812-02302-1 12.3 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 00:11 3647 Dermott 2.4 HIP 25886 6.7 8.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 03:18 756 Lilliana 5.7 TYC 0005-00793-1 9.8 6.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 06:04 402 Chloe 5.2 2UCAC 35537023 13.3 0.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 06:58 2090 Mizuho 2.8 TYC 2925-00320-1 9.6 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 10:16 1693 Hertzsprung 4.3 TYC 1439-02087-1 10.0 7.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 11:14 176 Iduna 9.7 TYC 4780-00383-1 11.3 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 13:14 1452 Hunnia 2.2 TYC 2937-00119-1 10.3 5.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 15:55 270 Anahita 4.5 TYC 1325-00950-1 10.8 1.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 20:18 1240 Centenaria 4.6 2UCAC 44633235 12.5 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 17 22:49 2291 Kevo 3.2 TYC 5384-01143-1 11.3 4.12 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 00:57 2252 CERGA 1.3 TYC 1907-00399-1 10.0 5.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 01:10 376 Geometria 2.5 TYC 1874-00074-1 11.4 1.82 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 04:08 86 Semele 11.2 TYC 1848-02237-1 11.3 1.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 05:05 402 Chloe 5.1 TYC 0735-02090-1 9.9 2.33 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 06:01 1005 Arago 7.5 TYC 2840-00843-1 11.8 2.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 07:07 1166 Sakuntala 1.9 TYC 0683-00789-1 9.4 3.74 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 07:21 463 Lola 2.0 TYC 2918-00242-1 10.5 4.12 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 09:49 69 Hesperia 16.5 UCAC2 31795914 12.0 0.86 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 13:46 1035 Amata 5.5 TYC 2850-01298-1 11.0 4.32 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 14:10 118 Peitho 2.6 HIP 58049 8.0 5.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 14:56 3357 Tolstikov 1.2 TYC 0698-02055-1 10.5 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 15:32 436 Patricia 5.4 TYC 2979-00324-1 10.5 4.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 16:53 828 Lindemannia 4.7 TYC 1262-00338-1 11.1 4.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 18 19:59 1099 Figneria 2.9 TYC 2487-01331-1 8.3 7.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 01:02 1002 Olbersia 2.9 HIP 38893 8.4 7.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 01:33 2394 Nadeev 5.6 TYC 1369-00557-1 10.3 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 01:39 995 Sternberga 1.2 HIP 113095 8.6 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 02:38 1002 Olbersia 2.9 TYC 2476-01289-1 10.0 5.71 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 03:18 3092 Herodotus 2.7 HIP 36112 9.2 7.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 05:58 1135 Colchis 4.3 TYC 1905-00367-1 10.4 3.54 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 06:33 583 Klotilde 7.8 2UCAC 38058480 13.2 0.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 06:48 487 Venetia 5.9 TYC 1349-00625-1 9.5 2.33 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 07:19 404 Arsinoe 2.8 TYC 6953-00967-1 10.2 4.52 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 08:30 497 Iva 8.9 2UCAC 41318050 13.1 0.86 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 10:10 1149 Volga 2.0 TYC 0560-00024-1 10.0 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 17:13 1044 Teutonia 7.4 HIP 10476 9.5 6.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 17:13 1044 Teutonia 7.4 HIP 10476 9.5 6.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 19:38 7253 Nara 2.2 TYC 1278-01305-1 10.5 5.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 21:28 10936 1998 FN11 1.0 HIP 38323 7.9 7.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 21:54 1251 Hedera 2.2 TYC 1315-01390-1 10.6 3.54 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 19 22:47 1032 Pafuri 2.0 HIP 113314 8.8 7.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 00:00 1603 Neva 1.9 TYC 5260-00702-1 11.2 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 02:08 321 Florentina 1.0 TYC 5814-01332-1 10.4 5.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 02:36 497 Iva 9.2 TYC 1807-01114-1 11.2 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 03:14 368 Haidea 4.7 TYC 0760-01019-1 11.7 3.45 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 06:56 576 Emanuela 2.5 TYC 5227-00818-1 9.6 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 15:37 5035 Swift 1.9 TYC 1783-00788-1 9.8 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 16:35 871 Amneris 1.0 TYC 1299-00549-1 10.2 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 17:26 834 Burnhamia 4.8 UCAC2 37529593 11.8 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 18:22 2072 Kosmodemyanskay 1.2 TYC 2404-00464-1 10.2 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 19:08 86 Semele 11.3 2UCAC 39979311 12.9 0.39 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 19:33 312 Pierretta 3.4 TYC 2397-00753-1 12.0 1.82 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 20 23:22 280 Philia 1.2 HIP 103274 8.3 8.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 08:30 2003 FM127 6.1 HIP 71189 9.2 14.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 02:55 657 Gunlod 3.2 UCAC2 42899295 12.0 2.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 05:03 1946 Walraven 1.5 TYC 2401-00144-1 10.4 4.12 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 12:27 1562 Gondolatsch 1.1 TYC 1335-00028-1 9.2 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 12:47 1628 Strobel 8.7 TYC 4861-00933-1 7.8 6.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 12:51 791 Ani 2.7 TYC 6374-00849-1 9.7 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 15:47 1591 Baize 1.1 TYC 1306-00289-1 9.9 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 16:05 1010 Marlene 2.4 TYC 4666-00449-1 10.9 4.62 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 17:15 639 Latona 5.1 TYC 1883-00484-1 11.5 1.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 18:14 1678 Hveen 5.7 TYC 0853-01002-1 11.6 4.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 18:19 396 Aeolia 2.7 TYC 1368-01896-1 11.0 3.64 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 20:58 436 Patricia 5.1 TYC 3407-03143-1 11.8 2.97 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 21:41 852 Wladilena 2.2 TYC 3735-00796-1 11.0 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 21 23:49 192 Nausikaa 24.0 TYC 1409-00617-1 11.4 0.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 00:58 454 Mathesis 6.5 UCAC2 32303069 11.9 2.79 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 02:55 2413 van de Hulst 2.0 TYC 0143-01113-1 10.0 4.71 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 03:20 1970 Sumeria 2.0 TYC 2403-00443-1 9.6 5.71 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 03:28 3686 Antoku 1.3 TYC 1281-01054-1 9.4 7.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 06:56 312 Pierretta 3.4 TYC 2397-01041-1 11.7 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 09:05 1110 Jaroslawa 1.1 HIP 33752 7.1 8.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 12:13 463 Lola 2.0 TYC 2918-02156-1 11.3 3.45 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 13:35 2595 Gudiachvili 2.2 HIP 3402 7.4 9.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 13:58 1452 Hunnia 2.2 TYC 2937-00025-1 9.1 6.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 15:38 27 Euterpe 86.9 TYC 1410-00740-1 11.1 0.34 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 16:55 43 Ariadne 2.8 2UCAC 32132984 12.9 0.57 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 17:23 431 Nephele 6.5 TYC 1325-01666-1 11.2 2.25 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 18:22 194 Prokne 11.8 TYC 4801-03671-1 11.7 1.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 18:53 1123 Shapleya 1.7 TYC 1888-00471-1 11.1 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 23:25 2000 Herschel 1.3 TYC 2804-01265-1 10.7 2.97 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 22 23:47 2 Pallas 63.9 UCAC2 17865121 11.9 0.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 01:00 658 Asteria 2.0 TYC 1865-02740-1 9.3 4.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 05:22 5483 Cherkashin 4.1 TYC 1432-00131-1 9.8 6.40 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 06:17 612 Veronika 2.8 TYC 4859-02769-1 8.6 8.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 09:08 1553 Bauersfelda 1.3 TYC 1310-01550-1 10.0 5.31 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 09:25 813 Baumeia 2.0 TYC 1817-00387-1 10.2 4.52 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 12:45 2094 Magnitka 1.3 TYC 1882-01124-1 10.3 3.93 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 16:05 751 Faina 4.8 HIP 1362 9.2 4.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 20:12 1596 Itzigsohn 4.6 HIP 23642 9.3 4.71 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 23 21:46 1655 Comas Sola 3.6 HIP 26777 4.8 8.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 00:56 2535 Hameenlinna 1.2 TYC 1302-00170-1 9.8 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 05:10 4735 Gary 1.0 TYC 1881-00336-1 10.5 4.22 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 09:10 1138 Attica 2.1 TYC 0815-00842-1 10.2 6.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 12:14 2179 Platzeck 1.6 HIP 2833 8.4 8.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 12:41 737 Arequipa 4.6 TYC 0078-01104-1 11.1 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 13:39 2156 Kate 2.5 TYC 2426-01301-1 11.5 3.35 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 14:00 826 Henrika 1.4 TYC 0786-00448-1 9.1 7.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 17:48 844 Leontina 5.0 UCAC2 44104540 11.9 2.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 18:28 702 Alauda 17.0 UCAC2 43042181 10.1 2.79 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 20:11 2934 Aristophanes 1.0 HIP 67144 8.0 9.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 24 20:24 2908 Shimoyama 3.1 TYC 5500-00043-1 9.5 7.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 00:54 231 Vindobona 5.7 TYC 2389-00698-1 11.5 2.79 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 01:00 751 Faina 4.7 TYC 5267-00645-1 12.0 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 01:00 751 Faina 4.7 TYC 5267-00645-1 12.0 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 08:09 264 Libussa 10.0 TYC 1802-00570-1 11.9 0.97 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 09:43 431 Nephele 6.5 TYC 1324-01753-1 12.2 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 10:22 1655 Comas Sola 3.6 TYC 1298-00573-1 11.6 1.99 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 11:43 270 Anahita 4.5 TYC 1324-01930-1 10.8 1.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 13:45 740 Cantabia 13.0 TYC 0852-00796-1 9.3 4.52 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 25 23:23 194 Prokne 11.5 TYC 4801-01067-1 11.7 1.03 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 01:10 599 Luisa 1.5 TYC 6944-00505-1 10.6 2.69 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 03:07 692 Hippodamia 1.4 HIP 73010 9.0 6.40 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 03:10 1107 Lictoria 2.5 TYC 5563-00388-1 11.5 3.83 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 07:32 1585 Union 9.7 TYC 4894-02446-1 9.3 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 07:37 105 Artemis 8.9 2UCAC 28152997 13.1 0.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 08:57 4164 Shilov 2.4 HIP 42280 9.5 6.20 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 10:29 866 Fatme 3.3 UCAC2 27404579 11.8 3.26 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 11:53 1254 Erfordia 7.4 TYC 0254-00477-1 10.7 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 12:38 709 Fringilla 4.1 TYC 1161-00534-1 11.8 2.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 18:16 940 Kordula 6.5 TYC 1917-01644-1 10.2 4.52 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 26 22:58 2156 Kate 2.5 TYC 2426-01111-1 11.4 3.45 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 02:22 2 Pallas 62.5 TYC 7046-00580-1 10.7 0.09 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 05:59 1807 Slovakia 1.3 TYC 1335-00330-1 8.5 5.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 07:00 5450 Sokrates 1.5 HIP 37242 8.8 6.60 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 10:32 194 Prokne 11.3 2UCAC 31649778 13.2 0.36 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 11:29 154 Bertha 5.4 TYC 5573-00104-1 11.5 2.07 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 13:04 4265 Kani 2.6 TYC 0631-00052-1 9.4 6.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 18:13 5959 Shaklan 1.2 TYC 0142-00054-1 9.9 6.30 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 21:17 194 Prokne 11.3 TYC 4801-00128-1 12.8 0.49 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 27 21:40 776 Berbericia 11.2 TYC 2420-00133-1 9.8 1.66 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 02:16 110 Lydia 6.8 2UCAC 41856995 13.1 0.24 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 03:27 4141 Nintanlena 1.6 HIP 41071 7.9 8.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 07:18 1802 Zhang Heng 1.2 TYC 1338-01562-1 9.0 6.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 07:51 493 Griseldis 5.9 UCAC2 43616547 11.9 3.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 09:14 1768 Appenzella 23.7 TYC 0844-00440-1 10.0 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 12:16 312 Pierretta 3.7 UCAC2 44102023 11.4 2.42 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 13:26 16943 1998 HP42 0.7 HIP 117174 7.9 9.40 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 18:17 14 Irene 6.9 TYC 0300-01016-1 12.3 0.24 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 23:40 776 Berbericia 11.3 TYC 2420-00495-1 12.0 0.46 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 28 23:56 409 Aspasia 5.2 TYC 6131-00044-1 10.2 2.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 01:18 267 Tirza 2.2 HIP 157 8.5 7.50 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 05:47 829 Academia 4.0 TYC 2447-00820-1 12.1 1.99 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 13:30 1345 Potomac 3.9 TYC 5261-00265-1 10.6 5.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 13:57 2871 Schober 0.5 TYC 5815-01030-1 10.3 7.00 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 14:10 16913 1998 EK9 0.9 TYC 0166-02156-1 10.5 5.41 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 15:25 4711 Kathy 0.9 2UCAC 31617544 10.5 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 20:54 1135 Colchis 4.1 2UCAC 42390990 12.6 1.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 29 22:38 9 Metis 35.3 TYC 0637-00036-1 12.0 0.13 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 30 01:08 506 Marion 17.3 TYC 0835-00953-1 11.5 1.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 30 03:16 487 Venetia 5.3 TYC 1352-00116-1 11.5 0.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 30 17:16 601 Nerthus 5.3 2UCAC 32524918 12.6 2.33 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 30 18:13 3598 Saucier 1.9 HIP 25264 10.0 6.70 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 30 19:08 105 Artemis 8.7 UCAC2 28151691 12.0 1.16 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 30 22:09 2307 Garuda 2.9 TYC 1323-01216-1 10.5 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 00:21 29943 1999 JZ78 2.0 TYC 1906-00192-1 9.8 4.12 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 00:34 16936 1998 FJ112 0.4 HIP 72217 6.4 11.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 04:38 871 Amneris 1.1 TYC 1297-01235-1 10.4 4.91 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 05:09 29 Amphitrite 15.3 UCAC2 31689676 11.8 0.34 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 06:03 1661 Granule 1.2 TYC 1326-01106-1 9.2 6.90 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 06:50 254 Augusta 1.3 HIP 42356 7.5 8.10 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 07:38 1391 Carelia 1.3 TYC 1374-00778-1 10.4 4.81 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 11:04 3118 Claytonsmith 2.3 TYC 2439-00346-1 9.7 5.61 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 13:02 1647 Menelaus 3.2 TYC 0578-00470-1 10.5 7.80 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 16:16 939 Isberga 1.7 2UCAC 41157972 10.2 5.11 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 19:04 743 Eugenisis 1.2 TYC 5777-00050-1 10.2 5.51 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 19:17 241 Germania 17.5 2UCAC 36115706 12.7 0.75 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars
Dec 31 23:06 740 Cantabia 16.1 UCAC2 36648221 11.5 2.33 Global GoogleMap GoogleEarth Path Sites Chart Stars